Far-right, far-left, separatism and religious extremism: comparative desk research on drivers (D2.1)

The report provides a comparative analysis of four types of extremism: far-right, far-left, separatism and religious extremism. It examines the drivers, mechanisms and dynamics of these forms of extremism in different European contexts and domains. It also identifies the main challenges and gaps in the current research and policy frameworks on preventing and countering violent extremism.

Social polarization, extremism and radicalism: a quantitative survey (D2.2)

The report presents the results of a quantitative survey conducted in 10 European countries – Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the UK – with a sample of 10,000 respondents. The survey explores the attitudes and behaviours of the general population and specific target groups (youth, migrants, minorities) towards social polarization, extremism and radicalism.

Gender, extremism and radicalization: a qualitative research (D2.3)

The report aims to explore the gendered dimensions of radicalization processes and the role of women in preventing and countering violent extremism. The research is based on 40 interviews with experts, practitioners and activists from six European countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK.

Validating and enriching: workshops involving experts and civil society (D2.4)

The report describes the methodology and results of the validation process, which involved 12 case studies from six European countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. It also presents the revised version of  PARTICIPATION framework, which incorporates the feedback and suggestions from the case studies.

Future trends: Delphi surveys involving experts, stakeholders and decision-makers (D2.5)

This report presents the results of a Delphi Analysis conducted by PARTICIPATION partners with various stakeholders on radicalisation, extremism and PCVE in Europe. It explains the method, the target groups, the topics and the issues of the analysis. It also shows the outcomes of three rounds of Delphi Analysis, organised by thematic clusters.

Comparative analysis of prevention and countering of violent extremism policies and strategies (D3.1)

The document analyzes the prevention and countering of violent extremism (PCVE) policies and strategies in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain. It examines the main actors, challenges, opportunities and good practices of PCVE in each country and provides a set of recommendations to improve the effectiveness and coherence of PCVE actions at the national and European level.

Community-based strategies and practices for preventing and countering radicalization and polarization (D3.3)

The document presents a set of community-based strategies and practices for preventing and countering radicalization and polarization in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain. It identifies the main challenges, opportunities and good practices of the community-based strategies and practices and provides a set of recommendations to improve the effectiveness and impact of the prevention and countering actions of radicalization and polarization at the local, national and European level.

Building resilience and prevention in schools (D3.4)

This report is the results of an online survey conducted between 2022 and 2023 on over 2000 teachers, educators and students from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain. The survey explored the challenges, opportunities and good practices related to the prevention and countering of polarization and radicalization in schools. Moreover, it provides a set of recommendations to improve resilience and prevention in schools at the local, national and European level.

Religious communities: analyzing and discussing religious polarization and extremism (D3.5)

The document explores the role of religious communities in preventing and countering polarization and radicalization in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain. It identifies the main challenges, opportunities and good practices of religious communities in promoting interreligious dialogue, social inclusion and active citizenship and provides a set of recommendations to improve the involvement and support of religious communities in the prevention and countering actions of polarization and radicalization.

De-radicalization programs and interventions in prisons (D3.6)

This report examines the challenges and opportunities of prison interventions for individuals convicted of terrorism or related offences in Europe. It reviews the existing academic and grey literature on the topic, organized by region (Northern, Southern, Eastern Europe). It also presents some examples of current practices in different European institutions that could inform the development, implementation and evaluation of effective prison interventions for preventing and countering violent extremism.

Recommendatory highlights for policymakers, schools and local communities (D3.7)

Communication, radicalization and extremism: a literature review of different approaches (D4.1)

This research presents a literature review of the different theoretical and methodological perspectives that explore the role of communication in radicalization and extremism. It analyzes the main challenges, opportunities and limitations of these approaches and provides a set of recommendations to improve the understanding and intervention in the field of communication, radicalization and extremism.

Techniques and services for identifying radicalism and extremism in social media (D4.2)

This report presents a set of techniques and services for identifying radicalism and extremism in social media, based on natural language processing, machine learning and artificial intelligence methods. It describes the main challenges, opportunities and limitations of these methods and provides a set of recommendations to improve the detection and monitoring of radicalism and extremism in social media.

Techniques and services for monitoring recruitment and propaganda (D4.3)

The document presents a set of techniques and services for monitoring recruitment and propaganda in social media, based on natural language processing, machine learning and artificial intelligence methods, describing the main challenges, opportunities and limitations of these methods and providing a set of recommendations to improve the detection and monitoring of recruitment and propaganda in social media.

Analysis of radical groups and radical propaganda from a gender perspective (D4.4)

The document analyzes the radical groups and propaganda from a gender perspective, exploring the motivations, strategies and consequences of female and male participation in extremism. It is based on a literature review, an analysis of secondary data and an empirical research conducted through interviews and focus groups with experts, stakeholders and beneficiaries.

Analysis of communication strategies against extremism and radicalization (D4.5)

This report explores how affective communication, i.e. communication that appeals to emotions and feelings, is used by extremists and by those who counter them. It analyses five case studies of communication actions in different European countries that aim to create alternative narratives to extremism. It shows the diversity and the common themes of these actions, such as the focus on experience, resonance, co-creation and personal transformation. It provides insights for effective communication campaigns against extremism.

Methodological tools for evaluating counter-narrative campaigns (D4.7)

This document describes a method for monitoring and evaluating campaigns that use counter-narratives and alternative narratives to address social issues. The core proposal is to leverage “Social Labs” as an innovative offline tool for monitoring and evaluation. Additionally, it introduces an update to the existing GAMMA+ model, emphasizing a “multi-actor narratives” approach that moves beyond traditional sender-receiver dynamics.

This new approach acknowledges the active participation of various stakeholders, including young people, throughout the campaign lifecycle (design, delivery, monitoring, and evaluation). Notably, the concept of “co-production” is introduced, signifying a shift from collaborative design (“co-creation”) to a more inclusive and participatory ownership of the entire process.

Comprehensive review (D5.1)

These are the results of a research on the challenges, opportunities and good practices related to the prevention and countering of polarization and radicalization in schools. The document provides a set of recommendations to improve resilience and prevention in schools at the local, national and European level, based on four pillars: teacher training, citizenship education, intercultural dialogue and critical use of media.

Training and education needs analysis report (D5.2)

The report presents the results of an analysis of the training needs at the local and educational level in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain. It identifies the main challenges, opportunities and good practices for developing and implementing effective and innovative training programs to prevent and counter polarization and radicalization in schools and communities.

Guidance note on developing more effective educational and learning policies and interventions in English and French (D5.3)

This document highlights the importance of investing in prevention efforts and developing national action plans when it deals with terrorism and violent extremism, with a focus on education and the promotion of inclusive and equitable quality education. The text also discusses the strategies and programs in place in Greece, Italy, and Romania to address radicalization and violent extremism.

Gap & solutions technical report presenting identified challenges, difficulties and ‘gaps’ in education and training practices in Europe (D5.4)

This report presents a set of technical solutions for identifying and monitoring radicalism and extremism in social media, based on natural language processing, machine learning and artificial intelligence methods. It describes the main challenges, opportunities and limitations of these solutions and provides a set of recommendations to improve the detection and monitoring of radicalism and extremism in social media.

Guide for teachers and schools to help them addressing radicalization, polarization and social inclusion (D5.5)

This guide equips school teachers and educators with tools to tackle radicalization, polarization, and social inclusion issues within the classroom. It acknowledges the challenges teachers face in addressing these topics, emphasizing the importance of understanding student viewpoints. The guide highlights the growing recognition of schools as a key player in preventing violent extremism. 

Methodologies and tools for risk assessment on radicalization and violent extremism (D6.1)

This report reviews the existing methodologies for assessing the risk of radicalization and extremism, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. It also proposes a new framework for risk assessment, based on a participatory and multidimensional perspective, that considers the individual, social, and contextual factors that influence the radicalization process providing examples of how to apply the framework in different scenarios and settings.

Categorization of data, factors and indicators of extremism, polarization and radicalization (D6.2)

The report presents a categorization of data, factors and indicators of extremism, polarization and radicalization, based on a literature review and a survey of experts. It proposes a multidimensional model that distinguishes between individual, social and contextual dimensions, and identifies different types of extremism and radicalization. Moreover, it also provides a list of indicators for each dimension and type, as well as suggestions for data sources and methods for data collection and analysis.

Guidelines for community mapping activities (D6.3)

These are some guidelines for conducting community mapping activities, which are aimed at identifying and analyzing the factors and actors that influence the radicalization and extremism phenomena in a given context. The document describes the objectives, methods, tools, and outputs of the community mapping process, as well as the ethical and practical issues that need to be considered. It also presents some examples of community mapping activities carried out in different countries and settings.

Report on the ecological context of radicalization, polarization and alienation (D6.4)

This report investigates the factors of violent extremism, radicalization and polarization among the youth population in urban and peri-urban areas of Italy, Poland and Greece. It follows the guidelines of deliverable 6.3 and applies the Community Mapping methodology to collect data and opinions from over 300 students in high schools. The selected areas are characterized by ethnic-cultural diversity, economic hardship, high unemployment and episodes of political and religious violence. The report aims to improve the involvement and awareness of local communities and support the development of new tools and policies for prevention and contrast.

Evidences from the field on risk assessment methodologies and practices (D6.5)

This report details findings from a project task that aimed to improve risk assessment tools for radicalization and extremism in Europe. The research gathered insights from experts through surveys and social labs and proposes solutions like improved training, a more holistic approach involving various professionals, and a “dynamic security” perspective for better risk assessment across different contexts.

Handbook of methodologies for addressing radicalization & polarization through social inclusion (D6.6)

This report serves as a one-stop shop for understanding and addressing radicalization and polarization in Europe. It equips policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders with the knowledge and tools needed to:

• Comprehensively understand these complex issues.
• Prevent radicalization and promote social inclusion.
• Combat existing radicalization threats.

The report offers a diverse set of methodologies for different situations, allowing for a swift and targeted approach. This ultimately strengthens Europe’s capacity to build social cohesion and ensure security.